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## Tour
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The Native Land Museum
Donja Kupčina
Welcome to virtual tour ot the Museum in Donja Kupčina.
The museum has been located in this area since 1973, for almost 50 years. The idea of opening a museum came to life in 1968, when a collection of ethnographic objects was for the first time presented to the public, collected and exhibited by the locals, under the guidance of the then director of the Ethnographic Museum in Zagreb Marijana Gušić and her associates. In the next few years, wooden buildings were brought to the museum, and were filled with ethnographic objects. The collection became richer every year, and in 2011 the expert commission of the Ministry of Culture enacted a decision to determine the collection of the Native Land Museum with 1448 registered ethnographic objects as the cultural property of Republic of Croatia. The collection continues to grow by the locals who donate objects, but also by purchasing very valuable showpieces, so it already has around 1900 objects that testify to the rural life in the first half of the 20th century.
Izradu virtualnog razgleda sufinancirali:
• TZO Pisarovine
• Zagrebačka županija
• Općina Pisarovina
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LOREM IPSUM
DOLOR SIT AMET
JOHN DOE
Licensed Real Estate Salesperson
Tlf.: +11 111 111 111
jhondoe@realestate.com
www.loremipsum.com
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___
Prva iža
The largest room in the house, where the whole family gathered and lived together.
The PRVA IŽA was primarily a dormitory for all brothers living in a joint household, so there were all the necessary POSTELJE - beds, there could be 5-7 or more, depending on the number of members of the cooperative.
As a rule, each family had one bed, for older children they added a bed that they would store under the big bed in the morning and pull out in the evening. The bed always had to be made during the day - PRESTRTA.
ZIPKA was a crib for new-borns that stud by the parents' bed. If necessary, in the middle of the room – NA SRED IŽE, STOLEK or ODAČA is placed - a baby walker for the first steps that the child makes by pushing the aid in a circle.
Above each bed to the ceiling beam - SLEMEĆEK is attached a pole - DRUG on the ends of which women hung their baskets with sewing accessories, and it was also used to store clothes.
A large oak table was a common property of the family in each house and was always set in the front left or right corner of the room, surrounded by two bench against the wall, at right angles. On the front wall there was a mirror, which has always been set leaning forward so that one could be seen in its entirety.
In the corner of the room on the wall – STENE there was a cupboard - VRMOREC, in which the family cooperative always kept locked money - PENEZE and documents, only the master of the cooperative had access because he kept the key.
The PRVA IŽA was also a workroom, where women made thread - PRELE, TKALE - made cloth, ŠILE - sewed clothes, especially in the winter months.
When building a house, they used to take care of having enough light in this room, so there are regularly four windows - OKNA.
The two windows are on the front wall which must always face south, and the other two on the side walls at the east and west, so that the sun can illuminate the room all day, from sunrise to sunset.
NIZA is a low bench next to the bed which is an aid in climbing a high bed. Also women would keep their feet on it when they used to sit on the bed PODNOGAMI (lower end of the bed) and spin or make handicrafts.
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Len (processing)
Processing of flax stem
1. 'LEN SE RILJAL' - RILJANJE is the process of removing the seed heads from the stem. For this job they used a tool called RILJ attached to the bench. It is a board with wooden spikes through which the RUKOVET is passed (the amount of stems that can be received with one hand) in order to separate the seed heads for the stems.
2. 'LEN SE MOČIL' - cleaned RUKOVETI tied in a bundle of two – RVAČA, stacked on the KRIŽ (crosswise) and tied with a willow twig in bundles called MOČENICE. The bundles prepared in this way were driven to the river Kupa, where they were submerged in water - DUŠILI, tightly tied with rope - ŠTRIKOM next to each other, in a circle around a pillar driven into the bottom of the shallows - LENENO PLUTVO. After soaking for eight nights and days, the MOČENICE were rinsed, taken out of the water, driven home and stacked on the lawn in the KUPICE or KUČICE - smaller piles that are placed vertically to allow the stems to dry well. After drying, the piles are gathered together in large bundles and stored in a covered area where they wait for further processing.
3. 'LEN SE TUKEL' - in order to separate the fibrous part from the stem, which is surrounded by a wooden part, it was necessary to mechanically remove all the wooden parts of the stem. By beating the flax on a special device called STUPA, the wooden part of the stem was broken and the fibre was released. In this procedure, the foot STUPA is most often used, where the upper part of the device was raised and lowered by trampling, and a RUKOVET was inserted into the opening, where the blows of the teeth break the stem. Prior to this procedure, the flax had to TOPITI - reheated well in the sun.
4. 'LEN SE TESAL' - after beating it was necessary to straighten the RUKOVETI - OPTESATI and shake out the POZDER - broken wooden parts, from each one. A wooden oblong knife called TESLA is used in this work. With left hand they would held the RUKOVET, and in the right hand held a TESLA with which one would beat the flax in order to shed more POZDERA.
5. 'LEN SE TRL' - TRLJICA consists of two boards of equal length attached with one end to the wall - ROCK between which there is a movable wooden knife TRLEC whose end passes into the RUKOVET. One would rise and lower the TRLEC with the right hand, hitting the flax and breaking the remaining wooden parts of the stem in the RUKOVET, which is inserted with the left hand and held on to the device. Processed - OTERENE RUKOVETI are put together in pairs and form one POVESMO. SVEŠKA consists of 32 POVESMA tied together, which becomes the basic measure for calculating how much thread – PREJE will be in the end.
6. 'LEN SE MIKAL' - MIKANJE is a further step of processing the cleaned fibre - POVESMA. The tool used in it is the GREBEN, that are densely attached metal spikes at one end of the board through which untreated fibres called KUDELJA are pulled in order to comb, straighten and separate into a bundle of the finest fibres of the same length. There are three types of GREBEN of different spike densities - RARE, MEDIUM and DENSE. On the first RARE ridge, the coarsest fibres of the last class remained, i.e. KUDELJA called KORENJAČA and KUKI. The fibres of the second class called POMIKVA remained on the middle GREBEN. Only the longest thin fibres passed through the third thickest GREBEN, from which the finest PREJA (yarn, i.e. thread) called POVESMENA PREJA has been made.
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Gank
It was the name for the hallway
It is a narrow space on the first floor separated from the stairs (ŠTEGNJI), by the wooden fence. Some types of similar wooden houses had stairs and a hallway on the outside of the house, in which case the hallway would be called FORGANK.
GANK is the space from which one enters the PRVA IŽA - social room, KUNJA - kitchen, KOMORA - auxiliary room, NAJŽA - attic and at the end of the house in ŠEKRET - toilet.
The area above the stairs was suitable for drying medicinal herbs. Namely, villagers in the past often used to prepare teas to alleviate various health ailments, or other preparations for the treatment of humans and animals, according to the instructions of folk medicine.
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Weaving
In Donja Kupčina, in the past, almost every household had a loom, and women used it to make linen for the needs of their families in the same way until the beginning of the 1960s.
After the prepared base of the desired width, which was determined by the number of POSEM on the SNOVAČA (8 POSEM was the width of the canvas for bags, and 16 POSEM for the canvas itself) and the length determined by the number DROŽCEV (DROŽEC is 6 meters, it was marked by ČRNJAVKA, black or red thread), usually 5 or 6 DROŽCEV were woven, they would NAVIJAT TKONICU or prepare a loom for weaving.
First, it was wound on the VITEL, the base was wound on the rear shaft, then the threads are inserted – NJITI NAPELJUJU through the so-called NIĆENICE, one thread in each KOTLEC, then two threads together in the BRDO in order to separate during weaving and form a ZEV, i.e. the space through which the ČONEK is passed, in which there is a tube wound with threads that are woven (woven) between the base threads and create a fabric i.e. canvas.
Behind BRDA threads are tied in the so-called GOTOVUŠ which in turn is attached to the front shaft on which the woven fabric is wound. In order for the canvas to be thick and firm enough, the weaver would hit each inserted thread - VUTKA by the BRDO, pulling it towards herself, and then pressing the left or right pedal POPLOTEC with her foot creating a new ZEV, a space for pulling ČONEK.
Weaving was completed when all the base threads were unwound on the rear shaft - VITLO, and the bale of canvas was wound on the front VITLO.
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Twisting
Is the preparation of yarn for weaving cloth or winding the thread on the CEVI (pipe)
The thread for the basis was wound on the larger one, and on the thinner one for VUTEK, that is, the POTKIVANJE or the POTKA. This work was performed on a large VIJOLEK consisting of two rod rollers, i.e. VITLA where one is placed on the floor and the other is attached to the ceiling. PREDENO (usually 10 strands) is stretched between the upper and lower winch so that the threads can be freely unwound and rewound on the tube located on the SUKALO - a device for manual winding. This work was often done by older girls and older women.
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Len (uzgoj)
Flax growing
1. 'LEN SE SEJAL' - sowing began in early spring as soon as weather conditions allowed. The end of the vegetation of the plant was expected at the end of June, it was said around 'St. John' (June 24) or by 'St. Peter' (June 29)
2. 'LEN SE PUKAL' - flax ripened - DOZREL when the stalk - BETVO and the head of the seed were golden brown. Harvesting was done by PUKANJE which meant manually plucking the whole stalk together with the root, and stacking the RUKOVETI (amount of flax stalks we can hold in one hand) crosswise one on the other's heads into smaller bundles called RVAČE, and tied up by one flax stalk.
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Prikaz od lana do platna
Wooden high-rise building – ČARDAK
It was built in 1892 in Donja Kupčina. It was placed in the courtyard of the museum in 1972, and it is filled with the oldest agricultural tools.
On the ground floor at the right side, three different plows are represented: the oldest - completely wooden, from the end of the 19th century; the combined wooden-iron one from the beginning of the 20th century; and the entire iron one from the first half of the 20th century.
Wooden and iron dams, wooden corn planter, oxen yoke, carriage parts, hand tools for cultivating the field, a boat hollowed out of a tree trunk, fishing aids, etc. There are: devices and tools for moving wooden buildings at a shorter distance without the need to dismantle the building.
The villagers of Kupčina were very famous masters of such a craft. The ground floor (left) shows the tools and actions required to process the flax stem to produce the thread. The thread-to-canvas display is clearly shown on the first floor of the building with all the tools and aids needed for the manufactory production of domestic canvas. RILJ, STUPA, TRLJICA, GRBENI, VRETENO, KOLOVRAT, RAŠEK, SUKALO, VITLI, SNOVAČE, TKANICA and more.
In the upper large room, there are types of yarn, types of home-made linen, the way of straightening the fabric, ROLJA and iron, and examples of folk costumes from the first half of the 20th century for men and women.
In a smaller room there are kitchen utensils and dishes that the villagers used to prepare food around the middle of the 20th century, as well as utensils for the preparation of traditional so-called ZMESNOG (mixed) bread that housewives regularly baked in brick ovens that were located in the yard as independent units.
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Predenje
The process of making PREJE (yarn) or thread from prepared fibres
The finest POVESMA or last class fibres, the so-called KUDELJA. In the old days, the basic spinning tool was a VRETENO (spindle), a conical wooden stick that the spinner-lady held in her right hand by a thinner end and twisted it between her thumb and forefinger and wound a spun thread on it.
At the same time, she had the POVESMA tied to the left side of her head, from which she evenly pulled out yarn with her left hand and moistened by her lips and FRKALA (SUKALA). Some women used the PRESLICA as a tool to which they tied the POVESMO.
KOLOVRAT is a foot-operated mechanism for making yarn on which spinning is faster and easier; in the first decades of the 20th century, it was only owned by women from wealthier families, and all the others would spun the yarn in the manner described.
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Zgrada (suša)
Nadstrešnica
The building is closed at three sides with planks, has an open front and serves as a "suša" - a canopy that protects from the bad weather. Here are three wooden carts, two large horse-drawn sleighs and a fire-fighting carriage kept.
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Bleaching
The spun full spindle of the PREJE (yarn) is called PATAK
According to the quality of the yarn it could be KOČENA, KORENIČNA, POMIKVENA or POVESMENA. The woman rewound the finished yarn from the spindle to RAŠEK, a simple tool about 1 m long with short forks at one end and a vertically attached short bar at the other end.
The thread was wound over the fork and at the other end alternately on one side and then on the other side of the bar. During this winding, the woman counted POSMA, which is a measure of the amount of thread consisting of ten ČESANICA or ten times three threads.
This was followed by BELJENJE (bleaching) or whitening of yarn. The yarn was placed in a cauldron together with the ashes where it was boiled (KIPELA), then drained, washed and dried, then again boiled briefly in LUG (filtered liquid in which the ashes were previously cooked), then rinsed and dried again.
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Ranjanje
Ravnanje platna
Homemade linen cloth after each wash woman would RANALA (straightened, ironed). In doing so, she used a wooden roller, most often MLINČENJOK (rolling pin) on which she wound a cloth or a garment that she RANALA. The ROLJA, a special wooden trough with two handles in which the stones are placed, woman would place on a rolled canvas and, holding it by the handles, and she would pull it back and forth until it reached smoothness. NIĆVE (multi-purpose wooden trough with flat bottom and handles) could also be used for ironing.
The women said that the linen for ironing must be VUKO, i.e. it must have a certain percentage of moisture; if it was completely dry, then it PRESUŠILO, and so she had to ŠKROPITI (moisten it) before the ironing. Before washing the clothes, the woman would OBREZALA (cut off) all the buttons so that they would not POPUCALI or POMRVILI when ironed, so she would sew them back on each time.
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Kunja
Kitchen
The kitchen utensils and dishes on display take us back to the middle of the 20th century. The kitchen KREDENC (cupboard), ŠPORET (cooker), STALOŽA (shelves) and STOL (table) of a more modern form have replaced the older ones.
Kitchen chairs ŠTOKRLJA (without backrest) or with PERO (with backrest) have found application in the kitchen because at that time the family eats in the kitchen, so there are more new cutlery as well as CINJASTO (galvanized) and porcelain POSUDJE (dishes), ZDELA (bowl), TANJER (plate), ŠEFLJA (ladle), cups and more.
Larger cooking utensils are RONJGEK or RONJGA (lower pot) with RIGLJA (lid) or without it, POVNA (pan) and PROTVAN (casserole). BOKET or KONTA (galvanized container with handle) is a container for drinking water. Tap water in the houses of wealthier families in Donja Kupčina began to introduce in the 60s of the 20th century.
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Bedenj
It is a large cylindrical wooden vessel
It consists of narrow planks stacked vertically next to each other, which are grooved on the inside for a round bottom, and surrounded on the outside by metal hoops. Some of it have two handles on the upper side which are shaped from elongated vessel planks.
The same types of vessels were made in several sizes and therefore have names: BEDENJ - a large vessel, KEBEL - a smaller vessel of the same shape, and ŠKAF - the smallest specimen. KEBLICA or DOJAČA is a small wooden container with only one handle narrowed at the bottom, it was used to collect milk when milking a cow.
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Snovanje
The preparation of a longitudinal system of threads of a certain length and width, i.e. the basis for making fabric - PLOTNO.
In Donja Kupčina, weaving threads were made on a circular SNOVAČA, whose lower end of the shaft was fastened to the floor, and the upper to the beam on the ceiling.
For SNOVANJE it needed 2 or 3 women who knew the job very well.
One of them held a ŠPRIKLJICA (piece of board) in her hand, and guide the threads through its holes and pick the threads to put it cross-wise on the upper pegs. Then gather it in the PRAVEN and guide to the marked measure for the future length of the canvas. Then wrap it around the lower two pegs and return the PRAVEN to the upper pegs by turning the SNOVAČA in the opposite direction.
The second woman would repeatedly turn the SNOVAČA in the required direction, and the third woman, usually the oldest one, would take care not to make a mistake somewhere.
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Komin
Kitchen in the 19th Century
The kitchen was a smaller space upstairs next to the largest room in the tall wooden house - IŽA. In that space, a fire was lit on the open hearth of a large brick stove - KOMINA. Most of such a furnace was located in the main large room or - PRVA IŽA.
In that space, the wooden ceiling - PRSNICE, covered only a part of the ceiling, above KOMIN there was a wide opening so that the smoke could flow freely to the rest of the attic - NAJŽU. Along the opening were hanging shelves made of wicker for drying cheese or autumn fruit.
In the winter, they would dry meat and bacon - ŠPEK in the smoky attic, and corn cobs would be arranged on the attic boards. Over time, the smoke in the attic created a layer of soot and black smooth resin on the inside of the roof on the horns - ROŽNICE, laths, straw - ŠOP or, more recently, on the tiles - ČREP, which could not be easily ignited by a smaller spark from the stove.
In order to prevent a fire in the house, it was necessary to pay attention to the size of the flame - PLAVNA as well as to the embers - ŽARAVKA so that it does not fall to the floor. Therefore, in this area, a layer of earth was regularly placed on the wooden floor, which the women occasionally watered to reduce the possibility of fire.
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Prva šuta
The room below the upper main living room
It has a wooden floor and only one small window that allows daylight to illuminate the space, but at the same time due to its dimensions, prevents any theft from that ground floor room.
In the PRVA ŠUTA the family kept the entire annual crop of cereals – TEG or ŽITEK stored in wooden chests of different sizes called ŽITNICE. Clothes and all other textile items were kept in the same room stored in a chest called RUŠNICA or a closet – VRMOR.
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Svadbeni čardak
ČARDAK (cottage) with wedding setting
On the first floor, there is an exhibition space with the theme of a Kupčina wedding: several wedding photographs from 1936-1950 have been placed in the hallway. In addition to the traditional display of the decorated ensign, several musical instruments were exhibited.
The large room shows the "bride's attire", on one side a decorated bed, furniture, a sewing machine, a wardrobe and other things that were prepared for the girl’s dowry at the wedding, all dating from the late 30s of the 20th century. On the opposite side is a wardrobe, a bed, a table and a display of the bride from the late 50's and a chest with additional textile items: towels, sheets, tablecloths, decorative blankets and other things that the young daughter-in-law needed in her new home.
There is also an album with a collection of chronologically arranged photographs of the newlyweds of Kupčina village, through the 20th century from 1936-1999.
In a smaller room there is a display of a kitchen from the 19th century, the so-called open fireplace – KOMIN, ceramic and wooden utensils as well as ladders for going to the attic.
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Zgrada (staja)
It is the oldest building in the museum
At one of the beams there is a marked year 1782. It is assumed that it could be the year of the construction. The assumption is supported by traces of material processing, only with simple hand tools, which also leads to the conclusion that the building dates from the marked time.
It is built of whole – CELIKOVE oak timber, by whole square processed logs. The building has changed its purpose several times throughout history.
It was firstly part of a larger residential building - the manor, and after the division of the cooperative in the 19th century it became an independent residential building for one family, later it used to store grain, and at the end it was converted into a stable, till nowadays.
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Lajt
The wooden barrel cylindrical in shape, convex in the middle
It is made of longer narrow planks that are lined up next to each other, and at both ends by the groove are placed perpendicular to the round base that forms the bottom at one end, and closes the barrel at the other. On the outside the metal hoops adhere to the planks which are of the largest diameter in the middle of the barrel.
This type of barrel was made in different sizes, it is called LAJT and in the past it was used to store wine. The volume of the LAJT was measured with the old measure EKTO (hecto – 100 l), so the LAJT could have one ekto (100 l), two ekto (200 l), two and a half ekto (250 l) up to 5 ekto and more.
LAJT of smaller volume and dimensions had a special name. For example, VOŽICA has a volume of 50 l. PUNTRIJ is the smallest portable barrel of the same shape with a handle, of 5 or 10 litres, and it was used to carry water or wine to the field for farmers.
In the past, craftsmen worked wood with hand tools and used special skills to assemble LAJT’S, the master of such a craft was called PINTAR.
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Zadnja šuta
The room where family kept surplus food and winter food
such as sauerkraut, sour turnip, traditionally prepared hard cheese - DROBLJENEC, lard, dry bacon - ŠPEK, wine, eggs, potato - KRAMPER and other vegetables.
The room also was a place for storing utensils used in the preparation and processing of food for longer storage, as well as larger wooden containers in which winter food was prepared - BEDENJ, ŠKAF or KEBEL, furthermore LAJT, VOŽICA or PUNTRIJ (names of wooden barrels of different sizes) and baskets made of sticks of various sizes, NIĆVE - wooden trough, KEBLICA - container for milking cows and other various aids.
STALOŽE - shelves and KLINI - wooden hangers on which to store tools and accessories used to be attached to the walls. Each item after use had to be put in its particular place so that all the householders knew where it was when they needed it.
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Zmesni kruv (mixed bread)
The traditional bread of the village of Donja Kupčina
In the past, women baked such bread in a brick oven.
The flour they used was ZMESNO which means mixed from at least four types of grains, but without wheat.
STRN (rye), JAČMEN (barley), ŽITO (millet) and KOKOROZA (corn) are cereals that are mixed in certain proportions to prepare mixed bread.
A piece of mixed bread and a little hard cow's cheese was the most common bite for people in the past, if it was the first morning bite it was called OTESAJEC.
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Vejača
It is a wooden spatula with a short or long handle made entirely of one piece of wood.
A short-handled VEJAČA was more commonly used to grab grains or flour from a wooden chest and to put it in a bag or container, also to grab grains during drying and storage, or to put a small amount of grain in a sieve for purification.
VEJANJE was the name for the old way of purifying grain with the help of VEJAČA with long handle and wind. Villagers of Kupčina used to clean dried grain of chaff in windy weather. They would grab the grain with a wooden shovel and throw it into the air towards the wind. The grain was heavier so it fell to the ground first, and the chaff was carried aside by the wind. Transferring the grain from one pile - KUPA to another, all the chaff would be separated from the grains, which could then be stored in a wooden chests, dry and purified.
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ŠKRINJA (CHEST)
A basic rural household inventory
Dating back to the distant past and many generations have used it in the same form and for the same purpose. The chests could be in different sizes, made of narrower oak planks interconnected by a groove that were inserted into the vertical parts that pass into the legs of the chest.
The KROV (lid) of the chest consists of three boards, of which the board in the middle is a linking DESKA sloped at both ends and thus makes the lid sloping, which is regularly the case with older chests. In the first half of the 20th century, a chest with a flat roof appeared, the surface of which became multifunctional.
According to the purpose of the chest, it can be a granary if grain is stored in it, such could have a divided space for storing two different types of cereals, a partition, so these are chests with PREDELI.
RUŠNICA is the name for chest in which clothes - RUVO are kept, such often have PREDELEC - it was a shallow drawer in the upper part of the interior that was covered with a flat lid and was used to store jewellery and other valuable items.
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Potiža
is the ground floor central space of a high DRVENE IŽE (wooden houses) called ČEDOK (loggie).
In that space, there was always rammed earth on the floor, and on the left and right sides were doors for the rooms called ŠUTE (storage rooms).
A large wooden double door encloses that space and separates it from the outside.
In the past, POTIŽA were used to dispose of agricultural tools and horse equipment and store carts to shelter it from the rain, as well as to perform various occasional tasks, such as some work in flax processing or work on preparing crops for storage and more.
From the POTIŽA wooden ŠTEGNJE (stairs) lead into the upper living space IŽA (house).
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Exhibition
‘Let's preserve memories from the past of the village in Pokuplje’
It is a reminder of past times, events, people and the landscape of the village of Donja Kupčina.
As time passes the memories fade and generations change, so we often leaf through old photographs to renew our memory of beautiful memories and memorable moments of life as well as to stop the past from going into oblivion. Therefore, photographs chosen here are a witnesses to the past, the time and life of the village which is completely different today.
The exhibited photographs were taken during the 20th century by locals in order to remember important details from everyday life. Today, in every photography, the stopped moment of the past opens a window of an authentic part of history and brings time and event closer to the way it was sealed by people who simply lived their rural everyday life and did not suspect that they were recording the history of their village.
The authors of the photos are lovers of their village and photography, inhabitants of Kupčina:
M. Koren (1916 - 1999), I. Pucak (1924 - 2007), T. Mikuljan (1915 - 2015) and A. Mikuljan (1912 - 2004) and a few unknown Names who knew how to recognize the importance of a moment and stop it by taking a photo.
During the past century the village went through many changes in all aspects of life. Exhibited photos show changes in agriculture techniques typical for each decade or changes in village exterior.
At the beginning of the century folk wooden architecture was typical for housing. Photographs that show parts of the village taken in that time can now barely be placed to the places they were taken at. It is just the same with photos from the middle of the century that show us the beginning of a different, more modern and contemporary village exterior. For that reason photographs were made that show contemporary exterior of the village compared to details from the past taken from the same angle so younger generations could have a better view of the changes that happened.
This exhibition will help us learn more about people, time and landscape and to fully imagine an everyday village life. It was a way of life that has not changed much through centuries and then in only a few decades through modernization it has almost disappeared and became nearly forgotten, therefore photos here exhibited are also documents of traditional culture of a village in Pokuplje.
This exhibition also adds to the museum’s collection and by theme it fits with the function of Regional museum. Regional museum Donja Kupčina and its collection has more than just a local value and is a part of Croatian national cultural treasure.
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Miraz (Dowry)
In order for the girl to get married to as wealthier young man, while she was growing up, her parents prepared for her as rich dowry as possible.
The daughter-in-law should have bring material goods to the new home, which were supposed to provide the young family with basic household equipment and land. Therefore, before the marriage, dowry negotiations usually conducted by the fathers of the young man and the young girl, often played an important role.
In the first half of the 20th century, girls received dowries in clothing, furniture, land, agricultural tools and household utensils.
Bride usually got a hen, a cow and a sewing machine.
The clothes were prepared by the girl's mother and stored in a RUŠNICA chest, which had to be filled with sheets, towels, bags for threshing and storing flour, tarpaulins (rough woven blankets), decorative sheets and pillows for the decorative PRESTIRANJE (arranging) of the bed, then tablecloths and clothes for various occasions such as going to the LEDINA (field), church, wedding and more. The most important furniture was a bed equipped with decorative sheets for several occasions, pillows and VANJKUŠI (cushions) filled with feathers and GUNJ (a type of wool blanket).
The tools and accessories included ROGLJE, ZUPCI, VILE, MOTIKA, SRP, METLA, LAVOR, NIĆVE and RIFLJA (aid for washing clothes).
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Komora
Wooden ground floor building
The wooden ground floor building is a typical residential building built in the early 20th century at the time of the collapse of large family cooperatives.
An exhibition of old photographs entitled "Let's preserve memories from the past of the village in Pokuplje" is located in a large room. The exhibited photographs clearly show how the appearance of the village has changed over the decades: from wooden architecture to masonry, some socially important events from the village past, but also many scenes from the economic and agricultural life of the villagers and details from the long school and religious tradition of the village; with various other interesting facts and individual incidents from rural everyday life recorded in photography.
In a smaller room, parts of the shoemaker's craft workshop are exhibited: molds, accessories, tools and aids for making leather shoes, and ready-made "shoes", men's, women's and children's, with a few more items from the blacksmith's workshop. In the same building are exhibited many items used by carpenters of the time, and tools and aids for making a wooden wheel and finally parts for assembling wooden wheels as well as other tools used in manual woodworking.
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Postelja (bed)
Bedding components
The basic bedding consisted of a BLAZINA (cushion) filled with feathers, which is covered with a sheet of homemade linen - Z PLOTU ZA SPATI I PREČNI VANJKUŠ - a pillow of larger dimensions on which to sleep. STROŽA is a pillow filled with straw that is placed on the slats – DESKE, and PODNOGAČA is an older sheet that comes under the feet. GUNJ and TUJICA are types of POKRIVALA or blankets – ODEVO.
In the first half of the 20th century, the father of a girl for marriage would order at the carpenter a bed made for the dowry. Therefore, it was the task of every SNEJA (daughter-in-law) to PRESTRE (make) the bed every morning - to arrange the bedding neatly and cover it with a decorative sheet - Z PLOTU and to place decorative pillows on the headboard - ZGLOVLJE. In the evening before going to bed, the bed was RESKOPAN or prepared for sleeping. Parts of the bed are PRVA I ZODNJA ZOKLENJA, STRANICE or two side boards and DESKE (little boards that make slats for bed).
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Zastavnjik (flagman)
The ZASTAVNJIK was a young man who, carrying the flag, led SVATE
A wedding procession from the home of the groom to the bride’s house and then to the church for the wedding, and then again to groom’s home where there was a wedding feast called PIR. All this time, the bride and groom went on foot, and were accompanied by SVIRCI / MUZIKANTI with a happy music.
It was customary to adorn all the wedding guests with decorative towels, handkerchiefs and bouquets. In Donja Kupčina, flagmen were adorned in a special way, a decorative towel would be placed on his shoulders and handkerchief would be tied around his neck. The flag was also decorated by tying a red and green band at the top of the spear, together with the so-called KITA ROŽI (bouquet of roses made of crepe paper).
In the past, the ZASTAVNJIK had a special task, he had to sing the song called SAMICA several times: before the groom left for the bride - MLODA, when they arrived in front of the bride's house, before going to the church for wedding, after the wedding and when return to the newlyweds' home.
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Kunja
A smaller room next to the main large room
A space where women cooked and prepared food – JELO, and where they put away the dishes and objects they used. Names of kitchen utensils and dishes from the first half of the 20th century:
KUVAČA – wooden ladle, MILNČENJOK - rolling pin, SKOLKI - wooden boards - coasters for cheese, ŠEFLJA - grabber, SICE - small strainer, TOČER - funnel.
Of the wooden utensils, there was MUSLENKA or STEPAČA - a container for obtaining butter - PUTAR, KEBEL for water - a wooden barrel with two handles, MUŽOR - a tool for chopping spices, STRUGANJA - a wooden bowl with two handles, and a larger or smaller wooden or ceramic bowls - ZDELE, MESATJE NIĆVE - wooden trough for making bread dough and more.
The most important of the pots were ŽGANJČENJOK - an iron tall pot for cooking polenta and MLEČNJOKI – ceramic pots for storing milk.
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Masonry stove - Komin
Large masonry stove
The masonry stove connected the two rooms, in the smaller room it was burning, and the large one - the FIRST IŽA was heated up. Most of the stove brick wall was located in the main room where the family cooperative lived together.
Therefore, this living space could be well heated in winter. The stove usually took up space between the door and the side wall where there was still room left to make a larger bed of planks and straw.
The children usually stayed on that bed day and night in the winter. The stove was surrounded by benches on which the household members could warm themselves and dry wet clothes or shoes - OPANKE AND OBUJKE when they returned wet from rain or snow. Such a furnace was of larger dimensions, built of brick and earth mixed with chopped straw as a binder.
The stove oven was also used for baking bread. In front of the firing opening - ŽDRELA, which served as an oven, a rectangular space was built on which the embers - ŽARAVKA would be pulled out with a wooden tool - LOPOR before baking bread, so that bread - LEB could be inserted into the hot oven and the embers pushed again onto the opening.
On that side of the stove, the household members would also light an open fire above which they would place a smaller cauldron for cooking food. A larger boiler for cooking yarn or clothes was hung by a beam.
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Oglavlje (headdress) - Špišnjak
In Donja Kupčina, tradition required that married women have headdresses on their heads called ROGI.
In this way, women proved their status as married women. After the wedding at the wedding celebration, the bride would put a headdress on her head for the first time instead of a wreath and thus introduced herself as a wife or a young daughter-in-law – SNEJA.
For this occasion, a triangle canvas which had a circle lace at the ends, always had to be prepared and especially richly decorated. They would put this decoration on the ROGE and then they called it – ŠPIŠNJAK, and the young woman wore it in the first week after the wedding. In everyday life women from Kupčina, covered the ROGI with a scarf - RUBAC. According to the situation in which they found themselves, it could have been a silk scarf – SVILNJOK, a thin woollen scarf – VUNENJOK or an ordinary white cloth – BELA KRPA for periods of mourning.
Older wealthier women adorned their white cloth with white thread embroidery. The custom of wearing a headdress as such was lost in the late 1930s but women did not stop still covering their heads with a headscarf. The 'scarf of silk or wool' on the head has long been the main feature of every woman from Kupčina.
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Kut ober stola
It is also called the Holy Corner or God's Corner.
There is a shelf where the main place is occupied by the cross - RASPELO. On the wall on the left and right side of the shelf there are pictures of the saints of the Catholic Church - HOLY PICTURES. The most important place was occupied by those depicting the sacred heart of Jesus and the heart of the Virgin Mary. Next to it there were images of other saints.
An important place on the wall was the painting of Saint Anthony the Hermit- a saint who was especially revered by every family in the past because he is the master of BLOGO - the protector of domestic animals.
For Christmas, the family used to specially decorate the shelf in the corner – SLOGALA BOŽIĆ. The housewife would then decorate the crucifix with a wreath bent from flowers made of crepe paper – PAPERNATE ROŽE and move it to the wall next to the decorated Christmas tree.
In the corner above the table, the family placed pine twigs for Christmas, which women decorated with handmade decorations – SLOŽILI SU BOŽIĆ. Many preserved objects and memories of people testify to the richness of the spiritual culture that was present daily in the life of the family in the past, and the importance that individuals attached to the sacred or divine teaching.
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Šporet
It is a basic kitchen inventory
A heating element in which a fire is lit so that it can be cooked on a heated hob - TOBLA. The first examples were made of iron – PLEVNATI. The well-known cookers named 'koza' made of cast iron, have been made in Hungary in the 19th century and only wealthier families could afford it. STALOŽE - shelves attached to the wall had different purposes and therefore names. ZDELNJAČA was a shelf to place bowls, SIRNJAČA was a shelf on which they use to dry cheese, but sometimes even clothes, and it has been placed on the wall next to the cooker or above the cooker as a hanging wicker.
ZEMLJENI (ceramic) pots were the basic utensils for storing and processing milk. The shape and purpose determined their name, so the one in which the milk has been kept was called MLEČNJOK, if it was more narrowed at the top, then it is called ĆUP. SMETNJOK is a pot for storing sour cream – SMETENA. MASLENJOK for milk fat obtained by cooking butter - PUTAR. STUCA, STUCKA or ŠTUCA was the name for a ceramic bottle, and CEDNICA, CEDILO or CEDILJKA is called a bowl with holes - colander.
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Native land construction
Wood construction in Donja Kupčina
In the 19th century, the village of Donja Kupčina was one of the municipalities in the Pisarovina District. It had more than 1000 hectares of forest land in the ownership of the private owners and the municipality, inherited from the past or acquired by certain rights in the division of manorial estates, or were purchased during the abolition of serfdom in 1848. Forests and other natural resources were then managed by the Land Community of Donja Kupčina as a joint municipal administration which had the right to 164 so-called OŠESIJE, i.e. the sizes that determined the rights to forest properties (shares). Therefore, the owners could use firewood and oak trees as building material for the construction of houses and outbuildings according to their property rights.
The forest of Kupčina was then rich in pedunculated oak, so trunks with a diameter of more than one meter on the stump, were mentioned. It was an extremely high-quality timber that the native builders, after cutting down the tree - SEČA, usually cut and processed at the forest, cut and hack planks lengthwise, and then the stronger ones sometimes carried them home on their backs. Due to the weight of the oak logs - KLADA, the strength and knowledge of men – MUŽEVA was needed when transporting it on the wooden carts or in winter on the large sledges. Thinner trunks were loaded on the cart with muscle strength and with the help of DIGE - a simple tool that was used in loading for transport, which took place usually on double carts with the help of four or six horses. Fifteen to twenty men thus brought the logs into the yard where they continued to process them with hand tools and prepare the timber for the construction of the wooden building. Smaller KLADE were hauled by horse, by lifting one end of the log and attaching it to SMUKVE - a tool in which they would harness the horse, while the other end slid freely on the ground, or they also lifted it and attached it to SMUKVE, which they connected mutually with a chain.
The villagers used to cut down trees for construction only in autumn and winter until the trees were deciduous. For firewood they only felled inferior trees or the dried ones, guided by the awareness that the forest should be protected for future generations.
In 1947, the local government declared the forests of the Land Communities to be public property, i.e. they were nationalized. Then a large number of people from Kupčina lost their forest holdings, and after that the period of construction of new wooden buildings in Donja Kupčina ended.
The preserved wooden buildings located in the courtyard of the Native Land Museum are the heritage of folk architecture and represent historically valuable monuments of native land architecture.
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Wedding in Kupčina
Marriage has always been the foundation of every new family
To every village young man – DEČKO or girl – CURA, to get married was the ideal of life and the most important event in life.
The parents' life preoccupation was to marry a son or a daughter and they have been preparing for this happiest moment in the family, for years. People were also looking forward to marriages in the families of their brothers and sisters, near and far family i.e. relatives - RODBINA. The parents of the groom - MLODIĆ, according to tradition, had the obligation to prepare the wedding celebration in their home, and to prepare for the wedding festivities and feast – PIR.
They always did it with the selfless help of the whole family. The crown of each marriage was a wedding in the church, followed by a celebration in the family home gathered at the feast with food, happy music and dancing.
The old inhabitants of Kupčina inherited many customs around marriage from generation to generation, until the second half of the 20th century. One of the most important customs was arranging marriage - SLOGANJE. This was followed by a celebration with the gathered relatives - VERE, at which the agreement was announced and the consent of the young man and the girl to the marriage was confirmed. After that, the families of the newlyweds began preparations for the engagement - ZORUKE and the wedding celebration - PIR.
Then all the charms of togetherness and mutual help between relatives came to the fore. These were unforgettable experiences of each individual that they remembered for a lifetime. In order for the whole event to take place according to traditional customs, many relatives were given certain tasks or assignments.
For the wedding procession in which the newlyweds walked to the church for wedding, it was necessary to choose an a flagman – ZASTAVNJIK, musicians – SVIRCI or MUZIKANTI, leader and coordinator of the whole event – DEVER, two witnesses who will testify that the marriage was concluded – SVEDOKI, two girls close to the bride who walk in a procession behind the newlyweds – POSNEŠICE, a small child from a close family – NAKOLENČE, and other young friends as the special guests – SVATI.
The care for the guests in the parents' home where the wedding feast took place, was entrusted to a male responsible relative who was given the role of host – DOMOĆI. TUŠAR took care of drinks, and KUVARICE took care of preparing and serving food.
Girls and women made decorations for the room and bouquets for the wedding, and it was decorated on the day of the wedding. ŠKRINJARI (couple of people of confidence) would also be arranged in advance to transport the bride's belongings and furniture - MIRAZ (dowry) to the new home after the wedding, with decorated horses and carts. The wedding was most often the only event in the family from Kupčina that many newlyweds wanted to immortalize with a joint photo for remembering.
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Len (Lan)
It is an annual plant whose fibre in the stem is the basic raw material for making canvas
Of the several known species of flax in this area, spring flax with blue flowers called SVILEC was most often present. Linen cloth has been used for various purposes for centuries, so in local villages, domestic linen was in the past the best material for making traditional rural clothing.
Each Kupčina household grew flax, possessed the tools and knowledge needed for its own textile workshop, and the tradition lasted until the mid-20th century.
For the production of domestic cloth, it was necessary to know a whole range of skills in the area of growing raw materials, processing the stem, making yarn - PREJE and in the end of weaving - making cloth.
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Čadok, Čedok (Čardak)
Is the historical name of a high wooden house, that was built in this and similar forms at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, as the home of a family cooperative that was maintained by some families in Donja Kupčina until the end of the 1940s.
Wooden high building - čardak
It originates from the BUSI Cooperative, was built in 1911, and was moved to the museum yard in 1973. The life of a cooperative family is shown in this house. Thematically, each room is equipped with items and inventory, which corresponds to the layout and housing needs of the then large family in a given space. The ground floor rooms were mostly storage space, the so-called ŠUTE. In the first ŠUTA there are wooden chests - granaries, to preserve the annual grain harvest. RUŠNICE – chests for storing clothes and other textile items that sometimes could be replaced by closets, there are also wooden boxes in which dry food was stored. The second room or ZADNJA ŠUTA contains various wooden items for preparing and storing food such as various wooden utensils, wooden troughs, and barrels, kegs, larger and smaller BEDNJI for sour cabbage or beets and many tools that were used seasonally. Horse equipment, manual smaller agricultural tools or various aids.
The upstairs space is decorated with items for everyday use. In the large room there are arranged POSTELJE - beds, one for each family, a family table, a locker attached to the wall for storing documents and money, a cradle, a baby walker, chairs and benches and a few other personal items, hung on the wall among the pictures of saints or next to the mirror.
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Agriculture
According to historical data, the Society for the Advancement of Agriculture is mentioned in Donja Kupčina as early as the 19th century, and in 1908 an extension of the Economic Society was formed as the Association of the Peasant Unity.
The village life also took place around the Society, and it is mentioned that people from the surrounding villages used to come to see how the rural economy was improved by using an iron plow, seeder, horse mower, reaper, thresher and other tools. The Society also held courses on cattle breeding and treatment, the use of artificial fertilizers, a cooking course, a sewing course and others.
The villager from Kupčina Ferdinand Koren (Ferica) (1859-1943) has procured new agricultural machines for people, also he was the first to use it. He has spread the idea of improving the rural economy beyond the boundaries of trade. He has written newspaper articles on the problems of the peasants and spread awareness of the need to improve the living conditions of the people in the countryside.
In 1920, Ferdinand Koren was elected MP within executive leadership of Radic's Peasant Republican Party and travelled regularly to meetings. He was a friend of Stjepan Radić, the founder of the Peasant Party, who, according to oral tradition, visited Koren in Donja Kupčina and helped him with agricultural work.
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Poljiprivreda
Prema povijesnim podacima u D. Kupčini spominje se Zadruga za unapređenje poljoprivrede još u 19. stoljeću, a 1908. godine formirana je i produžnica Gospodarskog društva kao zadruga Seljačke sloge.
Oko zadruge odvijao se i seoski život mjesta, a spominje se da su dolazili i ljudi iz okolnih sela vidjeti kako se unapređuje seosko gospodarstvo korištenjem željeznog pluga, sijačice, konjske kosilice, žetalice, vršilice i drugog alata. U okviru zadruge održavani su i tečajevi o uzgoju i liječenju stoke, o korištenju umjetnog gnojiva, kuharski tečaj, tečaj šivanja i drugi.
Kupčinac Ferdinand Koren (Ferica) (1859.-1943.) nabavljao je ljudima nove spomenute poljoprivredne strojeve, a i sam ih je prvi koristio. Ideju o unapređenju seoskog gospodarstva širio je i izvan kupčinskih granica. Pisao je članke u novinama o problemima seljaka i širio svijest o potrebi poboljšanja uvjeta života ljudi na selu.
Godine 1920. F. Koren je izabran za narodnog zastupnika Radićeve Seljačke republikanske stranke u izvršno rukovodstvo i redovito je putovao na sastanke. Bio je prijatelj Stjepana Radića osnivača Seljačke stranke koji je prema usmenoj predaji posjetio Korena u D. Kupčini i pritom mu pomagao u poljodjelskim poslovima.
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Poljiprivreda
Prema povijesnim podacima u D. Kupčini spominje se Zadruga za unapređenje poljoprivrede još u 19. stoljeću, a 1908. godine formirana je i produžnica Gospodarskog društva kao zadruga Seljačke sloge.
Oko zadruge odvijao se i seoski život mjesta, a spominje se da su dolazili i ljudi iz okolnih sela vidjeti kako se unapređuje seosko gospodarstvo korištenjem željeznog pluga, sijačice, konjske kosilice, žetalice, vršilice i drugog alata. U okviru zadruge održavani su i tečajevi o uzgoju i liječenju stoke, o korištenju umjetnog gnojiva, kuharski tečaj, tečaj šivanja i drugi.
Kupčinac Ferdinand Koren (Ferica) (1859.-1943.) nabavljao je ljudima nove spomenute poljoprivredne strojeve, a i sam ih je prvi koristio. Ideju o unapređenju seoskog gospodarstva širio je i izvan kupčinskih granica. Pisao je članke u novinama o problemima seljaka i širio svijest o potrebi poboljšanja uvjeta života ljudi na selu.
Godine 1920. F. Koren je izabran za narodnog zastupnika Radićeve Seljačke republikanske stranke u izvršno rukovodstvo i redovito je putovao na sastanke. Bio je prijatelj Stjepana Radića osnivača Seljačke stranke koji je prema usmenoj predaji posjetio Korena u D. Kupčini i pritom mu pomagao u poljodjelskim poslovima.
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Poljiprivreda
Prema povijesnim podacima u D. Kupčini spominje se Zadruga za unapređenje poljoprivrede još u 19. stoljeću, a 1908. godine formirana je i produžnica Gospodarskog društva kao zadruga Seljačke sloge.
Oko zadruge odvijao se i seoski život mjesta, a spominje se da su dolazili i ljudi iz okolnih sela vidjeti kako se unapređuje seosko gospodarstvo korištenjem željeznog pluga, sijačice, konjske kosilice, žetalice, vršilice i drugog alata. U okviru zadruge održavani su i tečajevi o uzgoju i liječenju stoke, o korištenju umjetnog gnojiva, kuharski tečaj, tečaj šivanja i drugi.
Kupčinac Ferdinand Koren (Ferica) (1859.-1943.) nabavljao je ljudima nove spomenute poljoprivredne strojeve, a i sam ih je prvi koristio. Ideju o unapređenju seoskog gospodarstva širio je i izvan kupčinskih granica. Pisao je članke u novinama o problemima seljaka i širio svijest o potrebi poboljšanja uvjeta života ljudi na selu.
Godine 1920. F. Koren je izabran za narodnog zastupnika Radićeve Seljačke republikanske stranke u izvršno rukovodstvo i redovito je putovao na sastanke. Bio je prijatelj Stjepana Radića osnivača Seljačke stranke koji je prema usmenoj predaji posjetio Korena u D. Kupčini i pritom mu pomagao u poljodjelskim poslovima.
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Poljiprivreda
Prema povijesnim podacima u D. Kupčini spominje se Zadruga za unapređenje poljoprivrede još u 19. stoljeću, a 1908. godine formirana je i produžnica Gospodarskog društva kao zadruga Seljačke sloge.
Oko zadruge odvijao se i seoski život mjesta, a spominje se da su dolazili i ljudi iz okolnih sela vidjeti kako se unapređuje seosko gospodarstvo korištenjem željeznog pluga, sijačice, konjske kosilice, žetalice, vršilice i drugog alata. U okviru zadruge održavani su i tečajevi o uzgoju i liječenju stoke, o korištenju umjetnog gnojiva, kuharski tečaj, tečaj šivanja i drugi.
Kupčinac Ferdinand Koren (Ferica) (1859.-1943.) nabavljao je ljudima nove spomenute poljoprivredne strojeve, a i sam ih je prvi koristio. Ideju o unapređenju seoskog gospodarstva širio je i izvan kupčinskih granica. Pisao je članke u novinama o problemima seljaka i širio svijest o potrebi poboljšanja uvjeta života ljudi na selu.
Godine 1920. F. Koren je izabran za narodnog zastupnika Radićeve Seljačke republikanske stranke u izvršno rukovodstvo i redovito je putovao na sastanke. Bio je prijatelj Stjepana Radića osnivača Seljačke stranke koji je prema usmenoj predaji posjetio Korena u D. Kupčini i pritom mu pomagao u poljodjelskim poslovima.
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From a tree to a wooden house
In the earliest times, the builders of wooden dwellings processed the timber and prepared the wood for construction just with simple hand tools.
The ŠLJINGERICA tree felling saw was such a tool, with a blade length of about 2 meters, the ends of which ended with a wooden handle. That was the job for two workers who, when sawing, each held a saw handle by one end, then pulled alternately with the other until they felled the tree. The branches were cut from the fallen trunk with an axe, and the bark was removed with OBRUČNJAK - a hand tool with two handles connected by an iron sharpened part. Cleaned trunk – TROM,k carpenters continued to process with other hand tools: with an ordinary axe and PLANJKAČA - an axe with a wide blade on a longer handle and finally with ŠIROČKA - a hand tool with a wide blade and a short handle. Each trunk was first processed into a square shape and then they started with the longitudinal cutting (sawing) of the planks.
Longitudinal sawing of the trunk - KLADE required special skills and physical strength. Strong men cut the material - PLANJKE about 4 COLJA (inches) thick (4 inches - 10.5 cm), from a trunk that could be as long as 12 meters, with the help of a special JARMENJAČA saw. With the perfected technique of their craft, the folk builders were able to saw one prepared trunk into several planks throughout the whole day, by hand. This job required six strong workers who alternated in two groups when cutting, some rested their muscles while others cut. Before the beginning of the construction of the wooden building, the builders prepared and processed all the basic materials, planks and beams for the walls and ceiling - STENE I PRSNICE, SLEME I SLEMEĆKE, and materials for the roof - ROŽNICE, laths and ŠINDRICU (shingle). For covering the roof, 60 cm long rafters were fasten to the slats with wooden wedges. From long time ago, the roofs were covered with ŠOP - rye straw, the lower solid part of the stem was placed on slats, and the upper thinner part had to be turned downwards so that the rain would flow faster and the straw would last longer. When all the basic material was prepared, they also made MOĐENJOKE - wooden wedges for connecting planks. Then a group of 5-6 builders - CIMERMAN could assemble a tall wooden house – IŽA or loggia, in about three weeks. The last few examples of wooden houses - DREVENE IŽE in Donja Kupčina were built in the late 1930s, all of which were then covered with tiles – ČREP.
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Poljiprivreda
Prema povijesnim podacima u D. Kupčini spominje se Zadruga za unapređenje poljoprivrede još u 19. stoljeću, a 1908. godine formirana je i produžnica Gospodarskog društva kao zadruga Seljačke sloge.
Oko zadruge odvijao se i seoski život mjesta, a spominje se da su dolazili i ljudi iz okolnih sela vidjeti kako se unapređuje seosko gospodarstvo korištenjem željeznog pluga, sijačice, konjske kosilice, žetalice, vršilice i drugog alata. U okviru zadruge održavani su i tečajevi o uzgoju i liječenju stoke, o korištenju umjetnog gnojiva, kuharski tečaj, tečaj šivanja i drugi.
Kupčinac Ferdinand Koren (Ferica) (1859.-1943.) nabavljao je ljudima nove spomenute poljoprivredne strojeve, a i sam ih je prvi koristio. Ideju o unapređenju seoskog gospodarstva širio je i izvan kupčinskih granica. Pisao je članke u novinama o problemima seljaka i širio svijest o potrebi poboljšanja uvjeta života ljudi na selu.
Godine 1920. F. Koren je izabran za narodnog zastupnika Radićeve Seljačke republikanske stranke u izvršno rukovodstvo i redovito je putovao na sastanke. Bio je prijatelj Stjepana Radića osnivača Seljačke stranke koji je prema usmenoj predaji posjetio Korena u D. Kupčini i pritom mu pomagao u poljodjelskim poslovima.
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Well
An old well at the entrance to the museum
At the very entrance to the courtyard of the museum, the centuries-old wooden buildings lined up around the old well, arouse curiosity of the visitor and spontaneously begin to tell interesting stories from the past. Such a stories nowadays one can only find forgotten in the interior of the old museum buildings. Therefore, this ambient ethnographic collection preserved in an authentic space, shows a complete experience of the rural culture of living. It provides a vivid experience of a part of the history in one place and encourages visitors to think about the forgotten way of life of a former rural family. The pictures from the everyday life of individuals, family or village community that guest can find here in the Homeland Museum will surely enrich her/his life with the lived experience of a part of the past, that one will gladly take from our museum, share with friends or keep in a fond memory.
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Kurnjak
A small wooden building of typical look, called KURNJAK was located in almost every Kupčina yard.
The lower space was a shelter for pigs with a special semi-circular opening just for the animal's head, so that people could feed animals indoors, from the outer trough. The upper space, on the other hand, was adapted for keeping poultry, most often hens that could skilfully climb the log to the upper gates and enter their dwelling one by one every night. Throughout the night, they closed the gates so that the poultry would not be easy prey for nocturnal predators or thieves - TATI. Older villagers recalled that in the past, disobedient naughty children were often threatened by their parents that they would be locked up in KURNJAK if they were not good and obedient.
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Poljiprivreda
Prema povijesnim podacima u D. Kupčini spominje se Zadruga za unapređenje poljoprivrede još u 19. stoljeću, a 1908. godine formirana je i produžnica Gospodarskog društva kao zadruga Seljačke sloge.
Oko zadruge odvijao se i seoski život mjesta, a spominje se da su dolazili i ljudi iz okolnih sela vidjeti kako se unapređuje seosko gospodarstvo korištenjem željeznog pluga, sijačice, konjske kosilice, žetalice, vršilice i drugog alata. U okviru zadruge održavani su i tečajevi o uzgoju i liječenju stoke, o korištenju umjetnog gnojiva, kuharski tečaj, tečaj šivanja i drugi.
Kupčinac Ferdinand Koren (Ferica) (1859.-1943.) nabavljao je ljudima nove spomenute poljoprivredne strojeve, a i sam ih je prvi koristio. Ideju o unapređenju seoskog gospodarstva širio je i izvan kupčinskih granica. Pisao je članke u novinama o problemima seljaka i širio svijest o potrebi poboljšanja uvjeta života ljudi na selu.
Godine 1920. F. Koren je izabran za narodnog zastupnika Radićeve Seljačke republikanske stranke u izvršno rukovodstvo i redovito je putovao na sastanke. Bio je prijatelj Stjepana Radića osnivača Seljačke stranke koji je prema usmenoj predaji posjetio Korena u D. Kupčini i pritom mu pomagao u poljodjelskim poslovima.
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Poljiprivreda
Prema povijesnim podacima u D. Kupčini spominje se Zadruga za unapređenje poljoprivrede još u 19. stoljeću, a 1908. godine formirana je i produžnica Gospodarskog društva kao zadruga Seljačke sloge.
Oko zadruge odvijao se i seoski život mjesta, a spominje se da su dolazili i ljudi iz okolnih sela vidjeti kako se unapređuje seosko gospodarstvo korištenjem željeznog pluga, sijačice, konjske kosilice, žetalice, vršilice i drugog alata. U okviru zadruge održavani su i tečajevi o uzgoju i liječenju stoke, o korištenju umjetnog gnojiva, kuharski tečaj, tečaj šivanja i drugi.
Kupčinac Ferdinand Koren (Ferica) (1859.-1943.) nabavljao je ljudima nove spomenute poljoprivredne strojeve, a i sam ih je prvi koristio. Ideju o unapređenju seoskog gospodarstva širio je i izvan kupčinskih granica. Pisao je članke u novinama o problemima seljaka i širio svijest o potrebi poboljšanja uvjeta života ljudi na selu.
Godine 1920. F. Koren je izabran za narodnog zastupnika Radićeve Seljačke republikanske stranke u izvršno rukovodstvo i redovito je putovao na sastanke. Bio je prijatelj Stjepana Radića osnivača Seljačke stranke koji je prema usmenoj predaji posjetio Korena u D. Kupčini i pritom mu pomagao u poljodjelskim poslovima.
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Poljiprivreda
Prema povijesnim podacima u D. Kupčini spominje se Zadruga za unapređenje poljoprivrede još u 19. stoljeću, a 1908. godine formirana je i produžnica Gospodarskog društva kao zadruga Seljačke sloge.
Oko zadruge odvijao se i seoski život mjesta, a spominje se da su dolazili i ljudi iz okolnih sela vidjeti kako se unapređuje seosko gospodarstvo korištenjem željeznog pluga, sijačice, konjske kosilice, žetalice, vršilice i drugog alata. U okviru zadruge održavani su i tečajevi o uzgoju i liječenju stoke, o korištenju umjetnog gnojiva, kuharski tečaj, tečaj šivanja i drugi.
Kupčinac Ferdinand Koren (Ferica) (1859.-1943.) nabavljao je ljudima nove spomenute poljoprivredne strojeve, a i sam ih je prvi koristio. Ideju o unapređenju seoskog gospodarstva širio je i izvan kupčinskih granica. Pisao je članke u novinama o problemima seljaka i širio svijest o potrebi poboljšanja uvjeta života ljudi na selu.
Godine 1920. F. Koren je izabran za narodnog zastupnika Radićeve Seljačke republikanske stranke u izvršno rukovodstvo i redovito je putovao na sastanke. Bio je prijatelj Stjepana Radića osnivača Seljačke stranke koji je prema usmenoj predaji posjetio Korena u D. Kupčini i pritom mu pomagao u poljodjelskim poslovima.
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Poljiprivreda
Prema povijesnim podacima u D. Kupčini spominje se Zadruga za unapređenje poljoprivrede još u 19. stoljeću, a 1908. godine formirana je i produžnica Gospodarskog društva kao zadruga Seljačke sloge.
Oko zadruge odvijao se i seoski život mjesta, a spominje se da su dolazili i ljudi iz okolnih sela vidjeti kako se unapređuje seosko gospodarstvo korištenjem željeznog pluga, sijačice, konjske kosilice, žetalice, vršilice i drugog alata. U okviru zadruge održavani su i tečajevi o uzgoju i liječenju stoke, o korištenju umjetnog gnojiva, kuharski tečaj, tečaj šivanja i drugi.
Kupčinac Ferdinand Koren (Ferica) (1859.-1943.) nabavljao je ljudima nove spomenute poljoprivredne strojeve, a i sam ih je prvi koristio. Ideju o unapređenju seoskog gospodarstva širio je i izvan kupčinskih granica. Pisao je članke u novinama o problemima seljaka i širio svijest o potrebi poboljšanja uvjeta života ljudi na selu.
Godine 1920. F. Koren je izabran za narodnog zastupnika Radićeve Seljačke republikanske stranke u izvršno rukovodstvo i redovito je putovao na sastanke. Bio je prijatelj Stjepana Radića osnivača Seljačke stranke koji je prema usmenoj predaji posjetio Korena u D. Kupčini i pritom mu pomagao u poljodjelskim poslovima.
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Exhibition
'Traditional wedding decorations'
5.9.2020.-1.12.2020.
The exhibition was prepared by Anđelka Vidović in collaboration with women from Donja Kupčina: Marija Stepić, Katica Vularić, Marica Konječić, Franceka Mikulić, Katica Stepušin, Branka Milčić, Slavica Marušić, Marica Kapec, Slavica Stupljanec and a children's group of different ages from thematic workshops in the museum: Marija Brcković, Katarina and Filip Stepić, Marija Stupljanec, Leo Grbiniček, Marko Maretić, and Lucija and Luka Bojić
The exhibition is especially dominated by the richness of the art of making wedding bouquets, bridal bouquets, KITE ROŽI for the flag and smaller bouquets for decorating musical instruments made by Kupčina women’s skilful hands, by their memory of ornate wedding guests from the youth. In the past, women in Donja Kupčina, according to the traditional custom, used to make decorations for decorating weddings. They prepared decorative towels to decorate the flagman and musicians, but also the walls of the room where the wedding celebration took place. In the middle of the 20th century, the custom of decorating the flag, newlyweds, musicians and their musical instruments with flowers made of crepe paper, was especially famous. At the wedding, the girls also tied decorative scarfs around young men’s necks.
The exhibited traditional wedding decorations are further enriched by children's pieces, created at educational workshops in the museum during the summer of 2020 and modelled on traditional ones. Thank you all for each decoration you have made and for your cooperation in promoting traditional cultural values.
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Wooden cart
In the past, carts could be pulled by oxen, cows or horses.
The carriage was adapted to the animal, and the carts had an ore with which they harnessed the animals. Wooden carts consist of several parts that could be assembled or disassembled as needed. The construction with the front and rear wheels - PRVI and ZADNJI ŠTELJ (RUŠTIK) is connected by SVORA - round oak wood - RASTIĆ (oak of the required thickness and length) in the middle of which are usually three holes for an iron wedge which regulated the length of the wheel.
According to the purpose of the cart, it could be used to transport various loads, and it would be additionally equipped with the necessary accessories. For the transport of wood, it was enough to set up only the so-called PRLJE at each wheel one vertically, to hold the wood. If they added a horizontally wide board in the middle of the cart, then they would call the cart PLATO. Wheels with side-mounted boards at an obtuse angle and long PRLJI were called ŠARAGLJA, they are most often used for transporting yield or workers into the field. For the transport of hay, long LOTRA and short PRLJE would be placed on the cart, or for a little bit of hay - short LOTRA, long PRLJA and ŠARAGLJA, with which it was needed the so-called PAUZINA or ŽRT.
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Tišljar - carpenter
In the past, every man who practiced some craft had to rely primarily on his innate abilities, the skills he had acquired himself, and the knowledge he had learned from an older master of a particular craft.
As with other crafts from the same era, so in carpentry - TIŠLJARIJE tools for woodworking were simple, manual. For cutting hand saw LUCNJERICA, for fine woodworking hand planers - OLJBIĆI of various sizes and precision. The largest OLJBIĆ was called VLOK – for planing larger pieces. They could have had a name according to the purpose, e.g. VUTORNJAK to make the necessary grooves on the window frames or for the door on the jamb - ŠTOK or elsewhere. Drills - SVEDRI had a wooden accessory for manual turning and wooden protection for the blade - TULJEC, as well as their distinguishing names, for example, to make holes on a manual wooden rake – ZUBCI, SVEDER ZUPČENJOK was used. Of the larger tools, the carpenter needed a carpenter's table - OBELJPANK, turning tools - DRAJS and other wooden tools, VINKLJIN - right angle, KALAMER - cutting template, KLAJBAS - carpenter's pencil, DLETO - chisel and more. Carpenters have had a lot of work in the past. They used to make window frames and doors - STOLARIJA, furniture - MEBELJ, various wooden devices and tools needed in the household for hand making canvas or other jobs; agricultural tools and utensils; and kitchen utensils for food preparation as well as other useful items. In the past, many men in the village were self-taught carpenters, they knew how to, more or less successfully, make some necessary household items themselves. Some carpenters, on the other hand, were happy to make REZBARENE (carved) objects - they carved various ornaments in the wood, thus increasing the value of it. For REZBARIJE, they most often used walnut or linden wood, which does not have pronounced tree rings, so it is suitable for processing.
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Poljiprivreda
Prema povijesnim podacima u D. Kupčini spominje se Zadruga za unapređenje poljoprivrede još u 19. stoljeću, a 1908. godine formirana je i produžnica Gospodarskog društva kao zadruga Seljačke sloge.
Oko zadruge odvijao se i seoski život mjesta, a spominje se da su dolazili i ljudi iz okolnih sela vidjeti kako se unapređuje seosko gospodarstvo korištenjem željeznog pluga, sijačice, konjske kosilice, žetalice, vršilice i drugog alata. U okviru zadruge održavani su i tečajevi o uzgoju i liječenju stoke, o korištenju umjetnog gnojiva, kuharski tečaj, tečaj šivanja i drugi.
Kupčinac Ferdinand Koren (Ferica) (1859.-1943.) nabavljao je ljudima nove spomenute poljoprivredne strojeve, a i sam ih je prvi koristio. Ideju o unapređenju seoskog gospodarstva širio je i izvan kupčinskih granica. Pisao je članke u novinama o problemima seljaka i širio svijest o potrebi poboljšanja uvjeta života ljudi na selu.
Godine 1920. F. Koren je izabran za narodnog zastupnika Radićeve Seljačke republikanske stranke u izvršno rukovodstvo i redovito je putovao na sastanke. Bio je prijatelj Stjepana Radića osnivača Seljačke stranke koji je prema usmenoj predaji posjetio Korena u D. Kupčini i pritom mu pomagao u poljodjelskim poslovima.
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Kolar (wheelwright)
Every rural household in the past needed a cart to transport cargo in agriculture.
The carts were then hand-made by KOLARI – wheelwrights, who were using their strength, knowledge and learned skills to make carts from wood with simple hand carpentry tools. After the wheelwright made all the wooden parts for the new wheels, it was necessary to additionally strengthen the wheels, axles and some other parts with iron, to chain them, and KOVAČ (blacksmith) was in charge of that. The blacksmith heated pieces of iron in the fire until it glowed, and then struck one end after the other with blows on the red-hot iron, thus making fittings and other iron parts that had to adhere firmly to the wheel wood or strengthen some wooden part. KOLAR used several types of wood to make one carriage. To make just one wheel he used three different types of wood. The most common wheel axle - GLAVINA has been made of BRESTOVA (elm) wood, supports - ŠPICE of HRAST (oak), and the outer segments - OBLOŽNICE of BUKVA (beech), JASEN (ash) or BAGREM (acacia). Wood has been selected according to the natural properties of each type of wood and the need in certain places for hardness, strength, elasticity, durability or resistance to certain forces or wear. At the beginning of the 1960s, such a cart in Donja Kupčina was replaced by GUMENJOK - a cart with rubber wheels.
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Poljiprivreda
Prema povijesnim podacima u D. Kupčini spominje se Zadruga za unapređenje poljoprivrede još u 19. stoljeću, a 1908. godine formirana je i produžnica Gospodarskog društva kao zadruga Seljačke sloge.
Oko zadruge odvijao se i seoski život mjesta, a spominje se da su dolazili i ljudi iz okolnih sela vidjeti kako se unapređuje seosko gospodarstvo korištenjem željeznog pluga, sijačice, konjske kosilice, žetalice, vršilice i drugog alata. U okviru zadruge održavani su i tečajevi o uzgoju i liječenju stoke, o korištenju umjetnog gnojiva, kuharski tečaj, tečaj šivanja i drugi.
Kupčinac Ferdinand Koren (Ferica) (1859.-1943.) nabavljao je ljudima nove spomenute poljoprivredne strojeve, a i sam ih je prvi koristio. Ideju o unapređenju seoskog gospodarstva širio je i izvan kupčinskih granica. Pisao je članke u novinama o problemima seljaka i širio svijest o potrebi poboljšanja uvjeta života ljudi na selu.
Godine 1920. F. Koren je izabran za narodnog zastupnika Radićeve Seljačke republikanske stranke u izvršno rukovodstvo i redovito je putovao na sastanke. Bio je prijatelj Stjepana Radića osnivača Seljačke stranke koji je prema usmenoj predaji posjetio Korena u D. Kupčini i pritom mu pomagao u poljodjelskim poslovima.
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Poljiprivreda
Prema povijesnim podacima u D. Kupčini spominje se Zadruga za unapređenje poljoprivrede još u 19. stoljeću, a 1908. godine formirana je i produžnica Gospodarskog društva kao zadruga Seljačke sloge.
Oko zadruge odvijao se i seoski život mjesta, a spominje se da su dolazili i ljudi iz okolnih sela vidjeti kako se unapređuje seosko gospodarstvo korištenjem željeznog pluga, sijačice, konjske kosilice, žetalice, vršilice i drugog alata. U okviru zadruge održavani su i tečajevi o uzgoju i liječenju stoke, o korištenju umjetnog gnojiva, kuharski tečaj, tečaj šivanja i drugi.
Kupčinac Ferdinand Koren (Ferica) (1859.-1943.) nabavljao je ljudima nove spomenute poljoprivredne strojeve, a i sam ih je prvi koristio. Ideju o unapređenju seoskog gospodarstva širio je i izvan kupčinskih granica. Pisao je članke u novinama o problemima seljaka i širio svijest o potrebi poboljšanja uvjeta života ljudi na selu.
Godine 1920. F. Koren je izabran za narodnog zastupnika Radićeve Seljačke republikanske stranke u izvršno rukovodstvo i redovito je putovao na sastanke. Bio je prijatelj Stjepana Radića osnivača Seljačke stranke koji je prema usmenoj predaji posjetio Korena u D. Kupčini i pritom mu pomagao u poljodjelskim poslovima.
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Poljiprivreda
Prema povijesnim podacima u D. Kupčini spominje se Zadruga za unapređenje poljoprivrede još u 19. stoljeću, a 1908. godine formirana je i produžnica Gospodarskog društva kao zadruga Seljačke sloge.
Oko zadruge odvijao se i seoski život mjesta, a spominje se da su dolazili i ljudi iz okolnih sela vidjeti kako se unapređuje seosko gospodarstvo korištenjem željeznog pluga, sijačice, konjske kosilice, žetalice, vršilice i drugog alata. U okviru zadruge održavani su i tečajevi o uzgoju i liječenju stoke, o korištenju umjetnog gnojiva, kuharski tečaj, tečaj šivanja i drugi.
Kupčinac Ferdinand Koren (Ferica) (1859.-1943.) nabavljao je ljudima nove spomenute poljoprivredne strojeve, a i sam ih je prvi koristio. Ideju o unapređenju seoskog gospodarstva širio je i izvan kupčinskih granica. Pisao je članke u novinama o problemima seljaka i širio svijest o potrebi poboljšanja uvjeta života ljudi na selu.
Godine 1920. F. Koren je izabran za narodnog zastupnika Radićeve Seljačke republikanske stranke u izvršno rukovodstvo i redovito je putovao na sastanke. Bio je prijatelj Stjepana Radića osnivača Seljačke stranke koji je prema usmenoj predaji posjetio Korena u D. Kupčini i pritom mu pomagao u poljodjelskim poslovima.
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Opančar
The shoemaking craft was very popular in the past, there were shoemakers in almost every village.
In Donja Kupčina in 1939, there was eight registered shoemaking shops. OPANCI - APANKI have been then the basic rural footwear with which people protected their feet, and the poorer ones often only in winter. In the summer, everyone walked barefoot, even the richer ones, so that their shoes would last as long as possible. The traditional leather folk sandals - OPANCI were simple comfortable country shoes, handmade from cowhide leather. It has been made with simple accessories and tools by the skill and knowledge of master shoemaker who sold them at local fairs or made to order in his shop. Leather was the basic and only material for sandals, it wrapped the bottom of the foot and was connected at the front with a small piece of leather that closes the toes – KAPICA (cap). Men's and women's sandals differed in the way they decorated the cap, men's had a little leather piece attached to the cap, and women's twisted leather fringes. When putting on the shoes, they tied them to the foot with two long thin straps - Z REMENCI attached to the heel - OPETKU so that they wrapped them crosswise along the ankle and continued to wrap a little more along the foot while holding the wrapped OBUJEK around the foot - a piece of white rectangular cloth in which in the past the villagers wrapped their feet. In addition to slippers, women more often wore KOPICE - woollen hand-knitted socks decorated with a floral motif. At the beginning of the 20th century, sandals were an integral part of the richer rural folk costume.
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Pećnica
The covered space in front of the large brick oven was usually enclosed by vertically attached planks which formed a space called PEĆNICA.
Since the women in the brick bread oven regularly baked bread - KRUV, in summer and winter, they were able to prepare bread dough and light a fire in this spacea protected from the bad weather, rain or snow. In Donja Kupčina ZMESNI KRUV (mixed bread) is known from the past, for the preparation of which mixed flour – ZMESNA MELJA of several cereals is used, but wheat was not used. Each family knew how to mix: rye - STRN, barley - JAČMEN, millet - ŽITO and corn – KOKORIZU, in a certain ratio, and with the skilful hands, effort and knowledge of the housewife, a recognizable traditional bread was baked in the brick oven.
In the past, in every household once a week the housewife lit a bread oven and baked a lot of bread, usually five or six LEBOV, one for each day. The oven could be used for other purposes, for the preparation of cooked food for pigs or for hand washing - the preparation of ŽULJILO. Therefore, one could find here a cauldron for cooking laundry in LUG - the so-called PARENJICA and larger wooden troughs - NIĆVE for various purposes, wood and much more.
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Poljiprivreda
Prema povijesnim podacima u D. Kupčini spominje se Zadruga za unapređenje poljoprivrede još u 19. stoljeću, a 1908. godine formirana je i produžnica Gospodarskog društva kao zadruga Seljačke sloge.
Oko zadruge odvijao se i seoski život mjesta, a spominje se da su dolazili i ljudi iz okolnih sela vidjeti kako se unapređuje seosko gospodarstvo korištenjem željeznog pluga, sijačice, konjske kosilice, žetalice, vršilice i drugog alata. U okviru zadruge održavani su i tečajevi o uzgoju i liječenju stoke, o korištenju umjetnog gnojiva, kuharski tečaj, tečaj šivanja i drugi.
Kupčinac Ferdinand Koren (Ferica) (1859.-1943.) nabavljao je ljudima nove spomenute poljoprivredne strojeve, a i sam ih je prvi koristio. Ideju o unapređenju seoskog gospodarstva širio je i izvan kupčinskih granica. Pisao je članke u novinama o problemima seljaka i širio svijest o potrebi poboljšanja uvjeta života ljudi na selu.
Godine 1920. F. Koren je izabran za narodnog zastupnika Radićeve Seljačke republikanske stranke u izvršno rukovodstvo i redovito je putovao na sastanke. Bio je prijatelj Stjepana Radića osnivača Seljačke stranke koji je prema usmenoj predaji posjetio Korena u D. Kupčini i pritom mu pomagao u poljodjelskim poslovima.
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Sokočnica
SOKOČNICA was an independent small building in the yard built of wooden planks.
At a time when a large family cooperative was a form of living together, working and distributing the acquired goods, each large family community owned a common house - IŽU and several different outbuildings.
. SOKOČNICA was an independent small building in the yard built of wooden planks. Inside was a room with two or three smaller windows, closed by a door that was locked. There was usually ŠPORET NA DRVA (cooker) - where the landlady cooked food - JELO, for the whole cooperative - DRUŽINA. In this way, due to cooking outside of the house in the summer, they did not heated the living space, so later SOKOČNICA is called a summer kitchen - LETNA KUNJA.
In winter, they cooked potatoes for pigs in SOKOČNICA or prepared other hot food for animals. At the same time corn for porridge could be fried here. The interior was also filled with STALOŽE - shelves for storing bread, which were also used for storing dishes when preparing food, as well as wooden bowls and troughs - STRUGANJE I MESATJE NIĆVE for preparing dough and other utensils for baking bread. There was usually a masonry bread oven near the SOKOČNICA, and the interspace was often covered and enclosed by vertically attached planks - BILO JE OBITO Z DESKAMI. Together with the brick bread oven it formed a whole.
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Poljiprivreda
Prema povijesnim podacima u D. Kupčini spominje se Zadruga za unapređenje poljoprivrede još u 19. stoljeću, a 1908. godine formirana je i produžnica Gospodarskog društva kao zadruga Seljačke sloge.
Oko zadruge odvijao se i seoski život mjesta, a spominje se da su dolazili i ljudi iz okolnih sela vidjeti kako se unapređuje seosko gospodarstvo korištenjem željeznog pluga, sijačice, konjske kosilice, žetalice, vršilice i drugog alata. U okviru zadruge održavani su i tečajevi o uzgoju i liječenju stoke, o korištenju umjetnog gnojiva, kuharski tečaj, tečaj šivanja i drugi.
Kupčinac Ferdinand Koren (Ferica) (1859.-1943.) nabavljao je ljudima nove spomenute poljoprivredne strojeve, a i sam ih je prvi koristio. Ideju o unapređenju seoskog gospodarstva širio je i izvan kupčinskih granica. Pisao je članke u novinama o problemima seljaka i širio svijest o potrebi poboljšanja uvjeta života ljudi na selu.
Godine 1920. F. Koren je izabran za narodnog zastupnika Radićeve Seljačke republikanske stranke u izvršno rukovodstvo i redovito je putovao na sastanke. Bio je prijatelj Stjepana Radića osnivača Seljačke stranke koji je prema usmenoj predaji posjetio Korena u D. Kupčini i pritom mu pomagao u poljodjelskim poslovima.
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Poljiprivreda
Prema povijesnim podacima u D. Kupčini spominje se Zadruga za unapređenje poljoprivrede još u 19. stoljeću, a 1908. godine formirana je i produžnica Gospodarskog društva kao zadruga Seljačke sloge.
Oko zadruge odvijao se i seoski život mjesta, a spominje se da su dolazili i ljudi iz okolnih sela vidjeti kako se unapređuje seosko gospodarstvo korištenjem željeznog pluga, sijačice, konjske kosilice, žetalice, vršilice i drugog alata. U okviru zadruge održavani su i tečajevi o uzgoju i liječenju stoke, o korištenju umjetnog gnojiva, kuharski tečaj, tečaj šivanja i drugi.
Kupčinac Ferdinand Koren (Ferica) (1859.-1943.) nabavljao je ljudima nove spomenute poljoprivredne strojeve, a i sam ih je prvi koristio. Ideju o unapređenju seoskog gospodarstva širio je i izvan kupčinskih granica. Pisao je članke u novinama o problemima seljaka i širio svijest o potrebi poboljšanja uvjeta života ljudi na selu.
Godine 1920. F. Koren je izabran za narodnog zastupnika Radićeve Seljačke republikanske stranke u izvršno rukovodstvo i redovito je putovao na sastanke. Bio je prijatelj Stjepana Radića osnivača Seljačke stranke koji je prema usmenoj predaji posjetio Korena u D. Kupčini i pritom mu pomagao u poljodjelskim poslovima.
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Poljiprivreda
Prema povijesnim podacima u D. Kupčini spominje se Zadruga za unapređenje poljoprivrede još u 19. stoljeću, a 1908. godine formirana je i produžnica Gospodarskog društva kao zadruga Seljačke sloge.
Oko zadruge odvijao se i seoski život mjesta, a spominje se da su dolazili i ljudi iz okolnih sela vidjeti kako se unapređuje seosko gospodarstvo korištenjem željeznog pluga, sijačice, konjske kosilice, žetalice, vršilice i drugog alata. U okviru zadruge održavani su i tečajevi o uzgoju i liječenju stoke, o korištenju umjetnog gnojiva, kuharski tečaj, tečaj šivanja i drugi.
Kupčinac Ferdinand Koren (Ferica) (1859.-1943.) nabavljao je ljudima nove spomenute poljoprivredne strojeve, a i sam ih je prvi koristio. Ideju o unapređenju seoskog gospodarstva širio je i izvan kupčinskih granica. Pisao je članke u novinama o problemima seljaka i širio svijest o potrebi poboljšanja uvjeta života ljudi na selu.
Godine 1920. F. Koren je izabran za narodnog zastupnika Radićeve Seljačke republikanske stranke u izvršno rukovodstvo i redovito je putovao na sastanke. Bio je prijatelj Stjepana Radića osnivača Seljačke stranke koji je prema usmenoj predaji posjetio Korena u D. Kupčini i pritom mu pomagao u poljodjelskim poslovima.
___
Poljiprivreda
Prema povijesnim podacima u D. Kupčini spominje se Zadruga za unapređenje poljoprivrede još u 19. stoljeću, a 1908. godine formirana je i produžnica Gospodarskog društva kao zadruga Seljačke sloge.
Oko zadruge odvijao se i seoski život mjesta, a spominje se da su dolazili i ljudi iz okolnih sela vidjeti kako se unapređuje seosko gospodarstvo korištenjem željeznog pluga, sijačice, konjske kosilice, žetalice, vršilice i drugog alata. U okviru zadruge održavani su i tečajevi o uzgoju i liječenju stoke, o korištenju umjetnog gnojiva, kuharski tečaj, tečaj šivanja i drugi.
Kupčinac Ferdinand Koren (Ferica) (1859.-1943.) nabavljao je ljudima nove spomenute poljoprivredne strojeve, a i sam ih je prvi koristio. Ideju o unapređenju seoskog gospodarstva širio je i izvan kupčinskih granica. Pisao je članke u novinama o problemima seljaka i širio svijest o potrebi poboljšanja uvjeta života ljudi na selu.
Godine 1920. F. Koren je izabran za narodnog zastupnika Radićeve Seljačke republikanske stranke u izvršno rukovodstvo i redovito je putovao na sastanke. Bio je prijatelj Stjepana Radića osnivača Seljačke stranke koji je prema usmenoj predaji posjetio Korena u D. Kupčini i pritom mu pomagao u poljodjelskim poslovima.